Ecological Transition and the Socio-Economic Inclusion of Young People in Morocco: Between the Promises of Green Jobs and the Challenges of Structural Inequalities

Abstract

Morocco is engaged in an ambitious ecological transition, guided by a royal vision and proactive public policies. This transition, which aims to reconcile economic development with environmental preservation, is often presented as a potential source of green jobs, particularly for young people. However, this literature review critically analyses the extent to which this promise is confronted by the realities of persistent socio-economic and territorial inequalities, especially with regard to the access of young women and young people in rural areas to these opportunities. Drawing on a mixed methodology combining a systematic literature review, secondary statistical data analysis, and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, the article examines public policies, private sector initiatives, and the structural, institutional, and conjunctural mechanisms that hinder a truly inclusive and socially just ecological transition. It offers operational, contextualised, and prioritised recommendations aimed at informing the actions of the Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE) and maximising the impact of its support for Morocco in this strategic endeavour. The study highlights the need to go beyond a quantitative approach to green job creation and to question the qualitative dimensions of inclusion, equity, and sustainability.